Table 1 Characteristics of patients grouped according to the presence or absence of TD

Age (years)

3.020

0.082

 <65

999 (68.00%)

830 (67.00%)

169 (72.80%)

 ≥ 65

471 (32.00%)

408 (33.00%)

63 (27.20%)

BMI

6.437

0.011

 <25

1185 (80.60%)

1012 (81.70%)

173 (74.60%)

 ≥ 25

285 (19.40%)

226 (18.30%)

59 (25.40%)

Tumor size (cm)

1.174

0.278

 ≤ 2.70

265 (18.00%)

229 (18.50%)

36 (15.50%)

 >2.70

1205 (82.00%)

1009 (81.50%)

196 (84.50%)

Obstruction before surgery

10.895

0.001

 Absent

1272 (86.50%)

1087 (87.80%)

185 (79.70%)

 present

198 (13.50%)

151 (12.20%)

47 (20.30%)

Sex

0.065

0.799

 Male

876 (59.60%)

736 (59.50%)

140 (60.30%)

 Female

594 (40.40%)

502 (40.50%)

92 (39.70%)

Family history of cancer

0.049

0.825

 No

1330 (90.50%)

1121 (90.50%)

209 (90.10%)

 Yes

140 (9.50%)

117 (9.50%)

23 (9.90%)

Post radiotherapy

6.310

0.012

 No

1388 (94.40%)

1177 (95.10%)

211 (90.90%)

 Yes

82 (5.60%)

61 (4.90%)

21 (9.10%)

Chemotherapy

7.461

0.006

 No

691 (47.00%)

601 (48.50%)

90 (38.80%)

 Yes

779 (53.00%)

637 (51.50%)

142 (61.20%)

Vascular invasion

56.655

< 0.001

 Absent

1197 (81.40%)

1049 (84.70%)

148 (63.80%)

 Present

273 (18.60%)

189 (15.30%)

84 (36.20%)

perineural invasion

87.275

< 0.001

 Absent

1138 (77.40%)

1013 (81.80%)

125 (53.90%)

 Present

332 (22.60%)

225 (18.20%)

107 (46.10%)

Histological grade

-3.842

< 0.001

 Well

217 (14.80%)

195 (15.80%)

22 (9.50%)

 Moderately

1037 (70.50%)

878 (70.90%)

159 (68.50%)

 Poorly

216 (14.70%)

165 (13.30%)

51 (22.00%)

TNM stage

-14.999

< 0.001

 I

225 (15.30%)

225 (18.20%)

0 (0.00%)

 II

497 (33.80%)

497 (40.10%)

0 (0.00%)

 III

598 (40.70%)

413 (33.40%)

185 (79.70%)

 IV

150 (10.20%)

103 (8.30%)

47 (20.30%)

T stage

-7.404

< 0.001

 T1

95 (6.50%)

94 (7.60%)

1 (0.40%)

 T2

223 (15.20%)

209 (16.90%)

14 (6.00%)

 T3

850 (57.80%)

712 (57.50%)

138 (59.50%)

 T4

302 (20.50%)

223 (18.00%)

79 (34.10%)

N stage

-17.030

< 0.001

 N0

772(52.50%)

772(62.40%)

0(0.00%)

 N1

448(30.50%)

305(24.60%)

143(61.60%)

 N2

250(17.00%)

161(13.00%)

89(38.40%)

M stage

-5.069

< 0.001

 M0

1334 (90.70%)

1144 (92.40%)

190 (81.90%)

 M1

136 (9.30%)

94 (7.60%)

42 (18.10%)

Primary tumor location

1.163

0.559

 Right colon

359 (24.40%)

307 (24.80%)

52 (22.40%)

 Left colon

347 (23.60%)

295 (23.80%)

52 (22.40%)

 Rectum

764 (52.00%)

636 (51.40%)

128 (55.20%)

ASA

-0.372

0.710

 1

20 (1.40%)

17 (1.40%)

3 (1.30%)

 2

1025 (69.70%)

859 (69.40%)

166 (71.60%)

 3

291 (19.80%)

253 (20.40%)

38 (16.40%)

 4

134 (9.10%)

109 (8.80%)

25 (10.80%)

Previous history of abdominal surgery

0.476

0.490

 No

1196 (81.40%)

1011 (81.70%)

185 (79.70%)

 Yes

274 (18.60%)

227 (18.30%)

47 (20.30%)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

7.242

0.007

 No

1386 (94.30%)

1176 (95.00%)

210 (90.50%)

 Yes

84 (5.70%)

62 (5.00%)

22 (9.50%)

Preoperative comorbidities

Any preoperative comorbidities

0.785

0.376

 No

1061 (72.20%)

888 (71.70%)

173 (74.60%)

 Yes

409 (27.80%)

350 (28.30%)

59 (25.40%)

Cardiovascular disease

0.323

0.570

 No

1132 (77.00%)

950 (76.70%)

182 (78.40%)

 Yes

338 (23.00%)

288 (23.30%)

50 (21.60%)

Cerebrovascular disease

0.390

0.532

 No

1440 (98.00%)

1211 (97.80%)

229 (98.70%)

 Yes

30 (2.00%)

27 (2.20%)

3 (1.30%)

COPD

0.019

0.891

No

1430 (97.30%)

1204 (97.30%)

226 (97.40%)

 Yes

40 (2.70%)

34 (2.70%)

6 (2.60%)

Diabetes

0.983

0.322

 No

1358 (92.40%)

1140 (92.10%)

218 (94.00%)

 Yes

112 (7.60%)

98 (7.90%)

14 (6.00%)

Hematologic disease

0.033

0.857

 No

1466 (99.70%)

1234 (99.70%)

232 (100.00%)

 Yes

4 (0.30%)

4 (0.30%)

0 (0.00%)

CEA (ng/mL)

36.616

< 0.001

 < 5

901 (61.30%)

800 (64.60%)

101 (43.50%)

 >=5

569 (38.70%)

438 (35.40%)

131 (56.50%)

CA19-9 (kU/L)

29.516

< 0.001

 < 37

1215 (82.70%)

1052 (85.00%)

163 (70.30%)

 >=37

255 (17.30%)

186 (15.00%)

69 (29.70%)

CA72-4 (U/mL)

2.642

0.104

 < 6.9

1045 (82.9%)

896 (83.70%)

149 (78.80%)

 >=6.9

215 (17.10%)

175 (16.30%)

40 (21.20%)

 Miss

210

167

43

CA125 (U/mL)

5.404

0.020

 < 35

1312 (89.30%)

1115 (90.10%)

197 (84.90%)

 >=35

158 (10.70%)

123 (9.90%)

35 (15.10%)

LNs

18 (11)

17 (9)

-1.779

0.075

 Miss

53

6

PLNs

0 (1)

2 (6)

-11.369

< 0.001

 Miss

53

6