Table 3 Characteristics of patients grouped according to the number of TD + PLNs

Age (years)

0.369

0.279

0.953

 <65

519(66.50%)

200(69.40%)

280(69.70%)

 ≥ 65

261(33.50%)

88(30.60%)

122(30.30%)

BMI

0.796

0.527

0.465

 <25

631(80.90%)

235(81.60%)

319(79.40%)

 ≥ 25

149(19.10%)

53(18.40%)

83(20.60%)

Tumor size (cm)

0.015

< 0.001

0.089

 ≤ 2.70

175(22.40%)

45(15.60%)

45(11.20%)

 >2.70

605(77.60%)

243(84.40%)

357(88.80%)

Obstruction before surgery

0.234

0.185

0.998

 Absent

685 (87.80%)

245 (85.10%)

342 (85.10%)

 present

95 (12.20%)

43 (14.90%)

60 (14.90%)

Sex

0.544

0.635

0.870

 Male

471 (60.40%)

168 (58.30%)

237 (59.00%)

 Female

309 (39.60%)

120 (41.70%)

165 (41.00%)

Family history of cancer

0.688

0.114

0.384

 No

713 (91.40%)

261 (90.60%)

356 (88.60%)

 Yes

67 (8.60%)

27 (9.40%)

46 (11.40%)

Post radiotherapy

0.194

0.128

0.951

 No

744 (95.40%)

269 (93.40%)

375 (93.30%)

 Yes

36 (4.60%)

19 (6.60%)

27 (6.70%)

Chemotherapy

0.005

< 0.001

0.633

 No

406 (52.10%)

122 (42.40%)

163 (40.50%)

 Yes

374 (47.90%)

166 (57.60%)

239 (59.50%)

Vascular invasion

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Absent

713 (91.40%)

231 (80.20%)

253 (62.90%)

 Present

67 (8.60%)

57 (19.80%)

149 (37.10%)

Perineural invasion

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.076

 Absent

685 (87.80%)

200 (69.40%)

253 (62.90%)

 Present

95 (12.20%)

88 (30.60%)

149 (37.10%)

Histological grade

0.229

< 0.001

0.013

 Well

126 (16.20%)

35 (12.20%)

56 (13.90%)

 Moderately

566 (72.60%)

220 (76.40%)

251 (62.40%)

 Poorly

88 (11.30%)

33 (11.50%)

95 (23.60%)

TNM stage

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.007

 I

223(28.60%)

2(0.70%)

0(0.00%)

 II

483(61.90%)

7(2.40%)

7(1.70%)

 III

31(4.00%)

246(85.40%)

321(79.90%)

 IV

43(5.50%)

33(11.50%)

74(18.40%)

T stage

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.005

 T1

86 (11.00%)

5 (1.70%)

4 (1.00%)

 T2

174 (22.30%)

27 (9.40%)

22 (5.50%)

 T3

408 (52.30%)

190 (66.00%)

252 (62.70%)

 T4

112 (14.40%)

66 (22.90%)

124 (30.80%)

N stage

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 N0

750(96.20%)

13(4.50%)

9(2.20%)

 N1

22(2.80%)

273(94.80%)

153(38.10%)

 N2

8(1.00%)

2(0.70%)

240(59.70%)

M stage

0.001

< 0.001

0.016

 M0

742 (95.10%)

258 (89.60%)

334 (83.10%)

 M1

38 (4.90%)

30 (10.40%)

68 (16.90%)

Primary tumor location

0.378

0.233

0.084

 Right colon

192 (24.60%)

80 (27.80%)

87 (21.60%)

 Left colon

186 (23.80%)

66 (22.90%)

95 (23.60%)

 Rectum

402 (51.50%)

142 (49.30%)

220 (54.70%)

ASA

0.979

0.178

0.297

 1

10 (1.30%)

5 (1.70%)

5 (1.20%)

 2

535 (68.60%)

196 (68.10%)

294 (73.10%)

 3

166 (21.30%)

60 (20.80%)

65 (16.20%)

 4

69 (8.80%)

27 (9.40%)

38 (9.50%)

Previous history of abdominal surgery

0.460

0.506

0.899

 No

641 (82.20%)

231 (80.20%)

324 (80.60%)

 Yes

139 (17.80%)

57 (19.80%)

78 (19.40%)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

0.229

0.396

0.080

 No

736 (94.40%)

266 (92.40%)

384 (95.50%)

 Yes

44 (5.60%)

22 (7.60%)

18 (4.50%)

Preoperative comorbidities

Any preoperative comorbidities

0.794

0.420

0.681

 No

557 (71.40%)

208 (72.20%)

296 (73.60%)

 Yes

223 (28.60%)

80 (27.80%)

106 (26.40%)

Cardiovascular disease

0.694

0.480

0.832

 No

595 (76.30%)

223 (77.40%)

314 (78.10%)

 Yes

185 (23.70%)

65 (22.60%)

88 (21.90%)

Cerebrovascular disease

0.507

0.601

0.869

 No

766 (98.20%)

281 (97.60%)

393 (97.80%)

 Yes

14 (1.80%)

7 (2.40%)

9 (2.20%)

COPD

0.142

0.158

0.809

 No

753 (96.50%)

283 (98.30%)

394 (98.00%)

 Yes

27 (3.50%)

5 (1.70%)

8 (2.00%)

Diabetes

0.892

0.249

0.287

 No

717 (91.90%)

264 (91.70%)

377 (93.80%)

 Yes

63 (8.10%)

24 (8.30%)

25 (6.20%)

Hematologic disease

0.929

0.213

0.237

 No

777 (99.60%)

287 (99.70%)

402 (100.00%)

 Yes

3 (0.40%)

1 (0.30%)

0 (0.00%)

CEA (ng/mL)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.555

 < 5

534 (68.50%)

157 (54.50%)

210 (52.20%)

 >=5

246 (31.50%)

131 (45.50%)

192 (47.80%)

CA19-9 (kU/L)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.069

 < 37

693 (88.80%)

228 (79.20%)

294 (73.10%)

 >=37

87 (11.20%)

60 (20.80%)

108 (26.90%)

CA72-4

0.602

< 0.001

0.019

 < 6.9

579 (85.80%)

200 (84.40%)

266 (76.40%)

 >=6.9

96 (14.20%)

37 (15.60%)

82 (23.60%)

 Miss

105

51

54

CA125 (U/mL)

0.158

0.065

0.834

 < 35

708 (90.80%)

253 (87.80%)

351 (87.30%)

 >=35

72 (9.20%)

35 (12.20%)

51 (12.70%)

LNs

17 (11)

18 (12)

18 (9)

0.227

0.208

0.990

 Miss

53

2

4

PLNs

0 (0)

1 (1)

5 (4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Miss

53

2

4