Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses of the prognostic factors for disease-free survival

Tumor deposits

 No

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Yes

2.522 (2.016–3.156)

< 0.001

1.096 (0.839–1.433)

0.500

TD + PLNs

 0(N0)

 Ref.

 Ref.

 1–2(reN1)

1.994 (1.511–2.631)

< 0.001

1.176 (0.757–1.828)

0.470

 3+(reN2)

3.309 (2.625–4.171)

< 0.001

1.637 (1.063–2.521)

0.025

Age (years)

 <65

 Ref.

 Ref.

 ≥ 65

1.525 (1.241–1.875)

< 0.001

1.548 (1.237–1.936)

< 0.001

BMI

 <25

 Ref.

 ≥ 25

0.985 (0.764–1.27)

0.905

Tumor size (cm)

 ≤ 2.70

 Ref.

 Ref.

 >2.70

1.49 (1.112–1.997)

0.008

1.113 (0.817–1.515)

0.498

Obstruction before surgery

 Absent

 Ref.

 Ref.

 present

1.839 (1.422–2.379)

< 0.001

1.164 (0.872–1.554)

0.303

Sex

 Male

 Ref.

 Female

0.95 (0.773–1.167)

0.625

Family history of cancer

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

1.055 (0.752–1.482)

0.755

Post radiotherapy

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

0.965 (0.615–1.514)

0.877

Chemotherapy

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

0.936 (0.765–1.145)

0.518

Vascular invasion

 Absent

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Present

2.304 (1.844–2.88)

< 0.001

1.137 (0.874–1.478)

0.338

perineural invasion

 Absent

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Present

2.541 (2.054–3.143)

< 0.001

1.690 (1.328–2.151)

< 0.001

Histological grade

 Well

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Moderately

1.086 (0.8-1.474)

0.596

0.847 (0.620–1.156)

0.296

 Poorly

1.569 (1.09–2.258)

0.015

0.959 (0.659–1.397)

0.829

TNM stage

 I

 Ref.

 Ref.

 II

2.515 (1.474–4.291)

0.001

1.915 (1.103–3.323)

0.021

 III

5.032 (3.016–8.394)

< 0.001

2.370 (1.248–4.501)

0.008

 IV

15.665 (9.226–26.6)

< 0.001

7.955 (4.280-14.785)

< 0.001

Primary tumor location

 Right colon

 Ref.

 Left colon

1.207 (0.911-1.6)

0.189

 Rectum

0.891 (0.693–1.145)

0.366

ASA

 1

 Ref.

 2

1.029 (0.383–2.763)

0.955

 3

1.164 (0.426–3.182)

0.767

 4

1.812 (0.653–5.025)

0.254

Previous history of abdominal surgery

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

0.852 (0.649–1.119)

0.250

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

1.321 (0.88–1.982)

0.179

Preoperative comorbidities

Any preoperative comorbidities

 No

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Yes

1.386 (1.12–1.716)

0.003

1.176 (0.742–1.863)

0.489

Cardiovascular disease

 No

 Ref.

 Ref.

 Yes

1.403 (1.122–1.755)

0.003

1.035 (0.638–1.679)

0.890

Cerebrovascular disease

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

1.334 (0.711-2.5)

0.369

COPD

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

1.357 (0.78–2.36)

0.279

Diabetes

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

0.963 (0.655–1.416)

0.849

Hematological diseases

 No

 Ref.

 Yes

2.082 (0.519–8.361)

0.301

CEA (ng/mL)

 Normal

 Ref.

 Ref.

 High

2.038 (1.665–2.495)

< 0.001

1.305 (1.046–1.629)

0.019

CA19-9 (kU/L)

 Normal

 Ref.

 Ref.

 High

2.006 (1.594–2.523)

< 0.001

1.257 (0.983–1.609)

0.068

CA72-4 (U/mL)

 Normal

 Ref.

 High

1.298 (0.987–1.708)

0.062

CA125 (U/mL)

 Normal

 Ref.

 Ref.

 High

2.156 (1.644–2.827)

< 0.001

1.430 (1.054–1.939)

0.021