Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models of variables associated with DCRP-R > 1 in patients with IBS alone

Age

0.98 (0.96-1.00)

0.040

1.01 (0.98–1.03)

0.699

Gender

 Male

ref

 Female

0.92 (0.55–1.54)

0.745

Nation

 The Han nationality

ref

 Non-Han

1.12 (0.38–3.35)

0.832

Educational status

 Below high school

ref

 High school

1.02 (0.51–2.03)

0.965

 Above high school

1.29 (0.69–2.42)

0.418

Marital status

 Unmarried, widowed, or divorced

ref

 Be married

0.50 (0.23–1.09)

0.083

Smoking status

 Never smoker

ref

 Current smoker

1.49 (0.66–3.34)

0.333

 Former smoker

1.44 (0.56–3.72)

0.445

Alcohol consumption

 Never drinker

ref

 Current drinker

1.99 (0.88–4.49)

0.096

 Former drinker

0.90 (0.38–2.13)

0.806

Permanent residence

 Urban

ref

 Rural

1.39 (0.72–2.66)

0.326

IBS subtypes

 IBS with predominant constipation

ref

 IBS with predominant diarrhea

0.48 (0.26–0.89)

0.020

0.87 (0.39–1.91)

0.726

 IBS with mixed bowel habits

0.50 (0.23–1.12)

0.093

0.51 (0.19–1.35)

0.175

 IBS Unclassified

0.97 (0.40–2.34)

0.948

0.57 (0.19–1.73)

0.322

Duration of disease (years)

1.01 (0.98–1.06)

0.453

PSI Stress

1.33 (1.15–1.53)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.79–1.19)

0.780

PSI Well-being

0.53 (0.42–0.65)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.48–0.85)

0.002

PSI Psychological Distress

1.20 (1.09–1.31)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.86–1.15)

0.951

PSI Abnormal Disease Behavior

1.72 (1.41–2.10)

< 0.001

1.28 (0.99–1.67)

0.064

PSI Quality of Life

0.44 (0.30–0.65)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.57–1.70)

0.946

PSSS total score

1.08 (1.05–1.11)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

0.539

WHO-5 Well-being Index

0.96 (0.95–0.98)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.96-1.00)

0.010

Euthymia Scale score

0.73 (0.65–0.83)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.86–1.24)

0.755

PHQ-9 score

1.22 (1.13–1.30)

< 0.001

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

0.416

GAD-7 score

1.29 (1.19–1.41)

< 0.001

1.13 (0.99–1.29)

0.068