Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the included studies
Author (Years) | Design, sample size | Group | Age | Body Mass Index | Child-Pugh class | Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score | Etiology (viral/ alcohol/ NAFLD/ others) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise arm | Control arm | Exercise arm | Control arm | Exercise arm | Control arm | Exercise arm | Control arm | ||||
Q. Xiang (2024)[69] | Clinical Trial, n = 124 | group 1 | 56.29 ± 9.88 | - | 23.09 ± 2.83 | - | A: 22, B: 19 | - | - | - | (68/ 23/ 26/ 7) |
group 2 | 57.12 ± 7.76 | - | 22.37 ± 2.83 | - | A: 28, B: 14 | - | - | - | |||
group 3 | 55.78 ± 9.01 | - | 22.64 ± 3.04 | - | A: 21, B: 20 | - | - | - | |||
E. Sobhy (2024)[70] | RCT, n = 220 | group 1 | 62.18 ± 8.03 | - | 28.38 ± 3.66 | - | B: 25 C: 30 | - | 23.53 ± 5.99 | - | - |
group 2 | 60.73 ± 8.29 | - | 27.83 ± 4.21 | - | B: 34 C: 21 | - | 21.60 ± 7.80 | - | - | ||
group 3 | 59.80 ± 8.04 | - | 28.77 ± 3.77 | - | B: 35 C: 20 | - | 22.38 ± 7.82 | - | - | ||
group 4 | 61.51 ± 8.02 | - | 28.14　± 3.54 | - | B: 32 C: 33 | - | 21.76 ± 6.90 | - | - | ||
L. Skladany( 2024)[71] | RCT, n = 80 | - | 56.51 ± 11.9 | 55.29 ± 13.20 | 26.46 ± 6.09 | 27.07 ± 5.45 | - | - | 15.78 ± 5.60 | 18.83 ± 6.84 | (0/ 43/ 0/ 37) |
E. Román (2024)[67] | RCT, n = 32 | - | 63.5 ± 7.1 | 68.1 ± 9.3 | 27.5 ± 5.2 | 28.9 ± 3.3 | - | - | 8 (7–10) | 7.5 (6–9) | (0/ 22/ 3/ 7) |
P. Sirisunhirun (2022)[47] | RCT, n = 40 | - | 55.6 ± 8.9 | 57.1 ± 6.7 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | - | - | 7.95 ± 1.5 | 7.95 ± 1.3 | (37/ 2/ 1/ 0) |
D. Rossi (2022)[72] | RCT, n = 25 | - | 58.7 ± 7.7 | 56.5 ± 8.8 | 27.8 ± 3.9 | 28.4 ± 4.9 | A: 10, B: 2 | A: 12, B: 1 | 12.3 ± 4.4 | 11.0 ± 4.2 | (15/ 2/ 3/ 5) |
S. Mohta (2022)[73] | RCT, n = 60 | - | 42.26 ± 10.07 | 40.83 ± 9.80 | 23.8 ± 5.2 | 23.5 ± 5.4 | A: 12, B: 18 | A: 9, B: 21 | 10.2 ± 2.8 | 12.2 ± 3.5 | (24/ 19/ 7/ 10) |
J. C. Lai (2021)[36] | RCT, n = 83 | - | 62 (56–66) | 61 (42–72) | 28 (26–33) | 28 (26–33) | B: 13, C: 12 | B: 31, C: 27 | 12 (6–32) | 13 (6–23) | (31/ 17/ 10/ 25) |
M. Hernández-Conde (2021)[74] | RCT, n = 32 | - | 69.0 ± 9.7 | 61.0 ± 9.4 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 28.6 ± 4.6 | A: 11 B: 4 | A: 10 B: 5 C: 2 | 10.7 ± 4.4 | 11.0 ± 3.4 | - |
C. M. Morkane (2020)[75] | Clinical Trial, n = 33 | - | 55.6 ± 7.8 | 55.6 ± 7.8 | 30.9 ± 5.6 | 27.0 ± 4.6 | - | - | 13.7 ± 4.6 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | (0/ 12/ 5/ 16) |
H. W. Chen (2020)[76] | RCT, n = 17 | - | 55 ± 7 | 54 ± 11 | 31 ± 8 | 29 ± 4 | B: 7, C: 2 | B: 4, C: 4 | 16 ± 4 | 19 ± 3 | (6/ 4/ 7/ 3) |
L. Aamann (2020)[32] | RCT, n = 39 | - | 61.7 ± 7.8 | 63.0 ± 7.0 | - | - | A: 10, B: 10 | A: 10, B: 9 | 10.8 ± 2.7 | 10.7 ± 2.8 | (3/ 31/ 1/ 4) |
C. Kruger (2018)[37] | RCT, n = 40 | - | 53.0 ± 8.3 | 56.4 ± 8.5 | - | - | A: 14, B: 6 | A: 14, B: 6 | 9.05 | 9.7 | (12/ 11/ 10/ 7) |
A. Hiraoka (2017)[77] | Clinical Trial, n = 33 | - | 66 (62–70) | - | 23.2 (20.8–25.1) | - | A: 30, B: 3 | - | 12 (6–32) | - | (28/ 2/ 0/ 3) |
A. Berzigotti (2016)[78] | Clinical Trial, n = 33 | - | 56 ± 8 | - | 33.3 ± 3.2 | - | - | - | 9.0 ± 2.6 | - | (18/ 19/ 12/ 1) |
E. Román (2016)[11] | RCT, n = 23 | - | 62.0 ± 2.4 | 63.1 ± 2.3 | 31.5 ± 1.6 | 30.3 ± 1.4 | - | - | 8.2 ± 0.4 | 9.1 ± 0.4 | (3/ 17/ 0/ 3) |
L. Zenith (2014)[12] | RCT, n = 19 | - | 56.4 ± 7.7 | 58.6 ± 5.8 | - | - | - | - | 9.7 ± 2.4 | 10.2 ± 1.9 | (6/ 6/ 0/ 7) |
E. Román (2014)[79] | RCT, n = 17 | - | 65.5 (46–72) | 61 (43–75) | - | - | A: 7, B: 1 | A: 7, B: 2 | 9.5(7–12) | 9.0(7–13) | (4/ 13/ 0/ 0) |