Fig. 2

Multi-variate adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for the relationship between MASLD/MetALD/MAFLD/NAFLD and the risk of hypertension (A), T2DM (B), and hyperlipidemia (C) among participants in NHANES 2017–2018. Model 1 contains only independent variables; Model 2 was additionally adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, FIPR, and education level; and Model 3 was further adjusted for smoking and physical activity. Reference category: without MASLD/MetALD/MAFLD/NAFLD