Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Variable | Total (n = 532) | Non-MAFLD (n = 402) | MAFLD (n = 130) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 14.98 (0.10) | 14.87 (0.12) | 15.36 (0.25) | 0.064 |
Gender (%) | 0.476 | |||
Male | 276 (52.0) | 208 (51.1) | 68 (54.9) | |
Female | 256 (48.0) | 194 (48.9) | 62 (45.1) | |
Race (%) | 0.007 | |||
Mexican American | 90 (17.0) | 59 (13.1) | 31 (30.1) | |
Other Hispanic | 52 (8.2) | 34 (7.2) | 18 (11.4) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 169 (50.3) | 132 (54.3) | 37 (37.0) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 119 (13.1) | 95 (13.6) | 24 (11.6) | |
Other Race | 102 (11.4) | 82 (11.9) | 20 (9.8) | |
Weight (kg) | 66.26 (0.98) | 59.81 (0.82) | 87.91 (1.75) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 166.03 (0.55) | 165.86 (0.67) | 166.59 (1.03) | 0.307 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.92 (0.31) | 21.65 (0.29) | 31.56 (0.59) | < 0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 96.37 (0.60) | 92.21 (0.64) | 110.35 (1.07) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 81.58 (0.85) | 76.04 (0.58) | 100.21 (1.34) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 64 (0.4) | 63 (0.5) | 68 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109 (0.6) | 108 (0.7) | 110 (1.2) | 0.212 |
AST (U/L) | 19.70 (0.44) | 19.20 (0.52) | 21.42 (0.74) | 0.009 |
ALT (U/L) | 16.16 (0.48) | 14.53 (0.53) | 21.66 (1.32) | < 0.001 |
Total Bilirubin (umol/L) | 8.45 (0.35) | 8.98 (0.43) | 6.66 (0.34) | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.25 (0.01) | 5.24 (0.01) | 5.30 (0.03) | 0.070 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.41 (0.03) | 5.38 (0.03) | 5.51 (0.06) | 0.019 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 12.86 (0.46) | 10.21 (0.40) | 21.80 (1.11) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.96 (0.06) | 3.93 (0.07) | 4.05 (0.06) | 0.082 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.25 (0.05) | 2.21 (0.05) | 2.38 (0.04) | 0.003 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.78 (0.03) | 0.73 (0.03) | 0.98 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.36 (0.02) | 1.39 (0.02) | 1.22 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.98 (0.15) | 1.63 (0.20) | 3.17 (0.24) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 3.13 (0.12) | 2.46 (0.10) | 5.38 (0.28) | < 0.001 |
WHtR | 0.49 (0.01) | 0.46 (0.00) | 0.60 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
WHR | 0.84 (0.01) | 0.82 (0.00) | 0.91 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
TyG index | 8.00 (0.04) | 7.94 (0.05) | 8.22 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
TyG-BMI | 191.1 (2.84) | 171.95 (2.45) | 259.92 (5.25) | < 0.001 |
TyG-WC | 654.60 (7.99) | 603.99 (5.65) | 824.79 (12.14) | < 0.001 |
TyG-WHtR | 3.95 (0.05) | 3.64 (0.04) | 4.79 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
TyG-WHR | 6.75 (0.06) | 6.54 (0.05) | 7.46 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
CAP (db/m) | 220.75 (3.44) | 198.40 (1.61) | 295.91 (4.66) | 0.009 |
Hypertension (%) | 15 (3.4) | 6 (2.5) | 9 (6.6) | 0.154 |
Diabetes or prediabetes (%) | 57 (8.5) | 31 (6.2) | 26 (16.2) | 0.002 |
Obesity (%) | 126 (20.9) | 34 (6.3) | 92 (70.4) | < 0.001 |