Fig. 4

Expression of genes involved in fibrosis and HSC activation in the liver. (a) mRNA expression levels of liver fibrosis markers, transforming growth factor-β (Tgfb), (b) collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), (c) α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), (d) tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1), and (e) plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Serpine1). N = 5 per group; *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. Data in the bar plots are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Significant differences were determined using the Mann–Whitney U-test